武装冲突情境下双边投资协定的效力维续与适用机制

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摘要

当前，地缘政治冲突风险加剧，武装冲突为海外投资保护带来了全新挑战。基于国际法中的法律稳定性和连续性原则，武装冲突的爆发并不必然导致双边投资协定中止或终止，其效力在武装冲突期间依然存续。在适用机制上，双边投资协定一般补偿条款虽确立了非歧视原则，但实质性救济更多依赖特殊补偿条款，后者明确了东道国对非战斗行动或非情势必需造成的财产损失负有恢复原状或赔偿的义务。充分安全与保护条款设定了东道国的合理注意义务，要求其在能力范围内防范针对投资者的暴力侵害。尽管安全例外条款赋予东道国在危及国家安全时豁免部分义务的自由裁量权，但该权利的行使必须受到国际法的严格限制，以防止安全例外被滥用，平衡东道国安全利益与投资者权益。

文献引用

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